Conclusion
As a result of the conflict spread in Yemen since 2015
this extended to 21 out of 22 governorates in the country. The humanitarian
condition and the suffering of local citizens deteriorated, 12 million persons
have been affected directly by the conflict, among them 7 million child. 80% of the population needs a lot of
assistance to meet their basic needs of food, water, energy, health care,
shelter and other essential supplies specially Yemen rural areas.
Through
ERRY a resilience approach is being spearheaded, to enhance collective actions,
aid delivery and economic recovery. The program is designed to enhance the
self-reliance of rural people and communities to better cope with crises, risks
and shock. The solar component of the program will support communities benefit
from improved and more sustainable livelihoods opportunities through better
access to solar energy.
The
solar component aims to build community energy resilience, in the target areas.
Through its interventions it enhances community-based access and application of
sustainable solar energy across rural communities in the project targeted
areas. Priority will be given to rural basic services such as health, water
supply, education, communal services, market places, solar water pumping etc.
that contribute and build community energy resilience.
ADWAR
Organization Mission:
undertake
inspecting, testing of solar energy system equipment to ensure compliance of
all delivered solar systems equipment and conformity with the pre identified
quality standards and technical specifications at central level, and to
undertake institutional arrangement at local level, consult with all
stakeholders at governorates, districts and community levels and supervise the
take-over from the supplier to the beneficiaries and ensure installation and
operation of delivered solar energy systems are smooth and well performed
through conducting field monitoring for all process of handling, delivering,
installing and operating solar energy systems at local level in the targeted
districts to guarantee proper delivery, installation and operation of the solar
energy systems.
Number
of solar energy systems its 13 units at governorate level Lahej, 6 units in
each district Toban and Tor Al Baha for health and education offices/ health
units and schools, in addition to one solar energy
systems to productive based societies in Toban, and also 13 solar units at
governorate level Abyan, 6 units in each district Khanfar and Lodar, in
addition to one solar energy systems to Service Association in Khanfar.
The conclusion includes the following:
Fifth: Recommendations (general recommendations / technical
recommendations of solar energy systems 1000W – 1500W).
Seventh: Suggestions of mitigations for some facilities of the first
phase 2016 and case study: Arwa School for Girls.
First: General Presentation of Activities:
Adwar's
team decided the main and sub-goals to achieve this mission through 6 main
activities, variety of mechanisms and methods of implementation for each
activity as follow:
ü Institutional Arrangements.
ü Central test of samples.
ü Field work.
ü Training and awareness.
ü Impact measure.
ü Media protrude.
ü Final reports and concluding the project.
First activity: Institutional arrangements:
This
activity includes selection of team work; 3 administrative and 6 engineering.
Missions were distributed; the engineering team was impressive and successful
as they are from the targeted districts. Their knowledge of the cultural
privacy of the districts and so on. Also, their knowing of the members of the
local authority who we found them relieved and cooperated.
The cooperation
mission with all partners (UNDP, Reyadah Corporation, suppliers, local
authorities and beneficiaries) through meetings, periodical gatherings,
workshops in order to know the different requirement and providing them for
each part of information, documents, the work policy and priorities.
The
meeting and gathering in this phase were effective with partners (UNDP, Reyadah
and suppliers) where we agreed on the shape of most technical forms of central
test of samples, outcome with unified report with Reyadah Corporation for the
systems 1000W and 1500W. Also forms of (installation, test of operating and
performance) presenting unified presentation in the introductory workshop in
Sana'a / Aden.
The
attendance of the administrative team to the coordinative workshop held in Aden
10/11/2017 with local authorities, beneficiaries and implementing partners led
to good outcomes by reviewing the mission of Adwar in the project beside
recognizing the requirements, different point of views of the governmental partner.
Also exchange contact details and information with all partners which was
fruitful.
As well
as the effective meetings with suppliers (Al-Wahabani for 1000W and Sehab Tech
for 1500W) where the places of central test of samples were decided, exchange
of contact details with the engineering teams of the suppliers and the names of
the implementing field teams in order to get permissions facilitating their
movement in Lahej and Abyan governorates and also agreeing on the plan of the
field visit (when and where it will start/ when and where it will end on the
level of each district).
Most
important produced documents:
·
Report
of central test of samples (various forms of test) 1000W / 1500W.
·
Technical
engineering field forms (sites assessments, form equipment test before
installation, forms of performance test and operation).
·
Sources
of contacts details, names, trucks of suppliers and field engineers teams
(Al-Wahabani for 1000W and Sehab Tech for 1500W).
·
Plan of
field work, date and places of central test of samples.
·
Sources
of information of the names and locations of targeted facilities. Contacts of
managers of facilities, local authority, coordinators of Lahej and Aban
governorates then providing them to engineering teams of suppliers.
·
Minutes
of receipt & delivery between suppliers and beneficiaries: that include (
the minutes document + data of delivered equipment + test of equipment before
installation comparing them to the central test of samples, installation form,
results of performance and operation test, memorandum of Nominating person in
charge of maintenance in the facility and letter of written commitment from the
manager of the facility).
Note: there
are official letters from the leadership of the local authority on the level of
governorate and district:
1-
Notifying
letter to the general managers of districts illustrate data of the sites that
have been accomplished, as they are property and fixed assets of the facilities
include (copy of minutes of receipt & delivery and technical data).
2-
Letter
to the governors of Lahej & Abyan illustrating the data of each site in
each governorate.
Second activity: central test of samples:
The
central test of samples was conducted by the head of engineering team of Adwar
(Al-Wahabani for 1000W and Sehab Tech for 1500W) with the cooperation of the
engineering team of Reyadah Corporation the partner in implementation in Hajja
& Hodiedah governorates. The test process was in different places:
supplier's stores and Reyadah premises.
The test
process conducted successfully, provided a report of central test of samples
(Al-Wahabani for 1000W and Sehab Tech for 1500W)
(Note:
the task of the consultant engineer of Adwar ends as soon as he provide the
report of the central test of samples for both systems).
Third Activity Field Work:
This
stage was implemented by the administrative & engineering team of Adwar,
the intervention of the administrative team was to insure the importance of
this project and partnership, to make sure on achieving the goals of the
mission and work process excellently, the team accompanied the engineering team
during the field work time.
-
Contacted
and coordinated with the coordinators of the governorates in order to get
security permits to facilitate the movement of Adwar administration team, the
truck and engineering teams of the suppliers (Al-Wahabani for 1000W and Sehab
Tech for 1500W). Besides providing them with the data of the targeted sites and
contact details of the managers of the facilities.
-
The site
assessment process took place before the installation by the field engineers of
Adawr in accordance with the geographical cover for each engineer. Only one
change occurred to the health facility of Lodar, capacities and knowledge gap
of beneficiaries was measured in order to produce awareness materials and
training material to the beneficiaries to limit the misuse or procedures of
sustainability. (review awareness materials, posters and training material)
-
All the
equipments of the solar systems were tested by the head of engineers and the
field engineer of Toban & Tor Al-Baha districts.
-
Installation,
operation and performance test took place after 4 days in Lahej, Toban district
then moved to Tor Al-Baha district then moved to Abyan governorate, Lodar
district then ended with Khanfar district.
-
Coincided
with that signing the minutes of delivery & receipts between stakeholders
(suppliers / beneficiaries) under the supervision of the administrative team in
each facility. Delivered to each general manager of the 4 districts notifying
letters with copies of the minutes of delivery & receipt and all technical
documents of the equipment, different test stages of each facility on district
level. In addition to notifying letters to the governor of Lahej and the
governor of Abyan included technical and administrative documents of each
facility on district level.
(Note: this
activity included photo documentation + video for all stages. In addition to
various media coverage)
Fourth Activity: Training & Awareness Course:
After
conducting capacity assessment of the beneficiaries and measuring the knowledge
gap; awareness materials and poster as well as the content of the training
material was produced in order to limit the misuse. Also procedures of:
sustainability, maintenance, energy management, defining loads and the perfect
use of the systems by end beneficiary (in charge of maintenance, staff and the
facility manager). 3 training courses were conducted (2 training courses in
Abyan governorate: one in Lodar district with 6 participants with the
attendance of managers of health and education offices. One in Khanfar
district, number of beneficiaries was 7). (One training course in Lahej
governorate: the training course took place in Toban district, number of
participants was 15 included the participants from Tor Al-Baha district with
the attendance of manager of Education Office).
All
participants awarded certificate of participation, trainer certificate of
appreciation beside the certificates of appreciation to the managers of
Education and Health Offices and the general managers of the 4 districts.
The
participants and managers of the facilities were handed the content of the
training course + user manual + materials of awareness and usage cautions.
Fifth Activity: Impact Measure:
Special
study of impact measure was prepared through questioner form of referendum
analyzing them using statistical program (SPSS). Including 5 different forms
;of different questions in accordance with the type and kind of activity of
each facility as follow (Health Offices, Education Offices, Health Facilities,
Schools and Productive Societies).
The
forms were distributed in 26 facilities in Lahej and Abyan governorates, where
540 forms were distributed to the different facilities; total of collected
forms is 445, number of loss 95 as follow:
Schools
140, health centers and unites 139, education offices 62, health offices 62 and
public societies 42. The results were as follow:
The
availability of solar energy in schools led to the limitation of dropout;
improve the educational level of students this is due to the improvement of
educational atmosphere by 80%. Meanwhile in the health units: the health
services and using of devices improved by 87%.
In the
health and education offices there was improvement in working level due to the
availability of suitable work environment by 95%, in the societies the
improvement of work environment reached to 93%.
Sixth Activity: Media
Protruding:
This
activity included the media protruding of the project activities in the most
dominant news sites. These sites are prestigious with many followers, there are
many other sites and search engines that published and interacted with the news
that were published and circled them. As well as we published daily media
reports on the Organization's Facebook page and telegram channel documented
with pictures and quotations of meeting scenes done by the team work which are
considered success stories of the project of Enhanced Rural Resilience in
Yemen. The interaction with the news reflects the importance of the project to
the community and the level of service provided. This interaction reflects the
impact that the project left and the impression of the media sectors that
delivers the message to the community about the projects implemented by UNDP
and the benefit of the community from the support of donors and going to
important fields help in achieving development and its sustainability,
developing the capacity of the community and enhance its resilience in such
circumstances and condition that the community live endeavoring to overcome and
ease the impacts.
Second the results:
The
results were completely satisfying, where the targets of the mission were
achieved in a good and smooth way:
1-
The
process of institutional arrangements was done by selecting the administrative
and engineering team of Adwar, producing all the documents of the project.
-
Technical
forms of central test of samples.
-
Technical forms of sites assessments before
the installation – installation – operating and performance test.
-
Minutes
of delivery & receipt – memorandum of Nominating person in charge of
maintenance in the facility – written commitment form the recipient.
-
Notifying
letters to the general managers of the 4 districts – governors of Lahej and
Abayn.
Solid
institutional arrangements were put on the local level with all stakeholders in
the targeted governorates insuring the proper delivery of the solar systems to
the benefited side was accomplished.
2-
Coordinated
with all partners (UNDP, suppliers and local authority), allocated targeted
sites by the local authority and produced many documents (data of the targeted
facilities, source of contacts) that exchanged with the suppliers. The
documents of source of contacts (contacts details) and personal data of
suppliers engineering team were exchanged, issued security permits in order to
facilitate the movement by the local authorities of Lahej and Abyan
governorates. Agreed with the suppliers on the working plan, date of
commencement and date and place of central test of samples.
3-
The
central test of samples of the solar energy (1000W/1500W) was accomplished.
4-
Assessment
of equipment test before installation was accomplished, installing, operating,
performance test of the solar energy and delivery and receipt of 26 solar
energy systems (1000W/1500W) between suppliers and the beneficiaries in Lahej
and Abyan governorates in 4 districts (Toban, Tor Al-Baha, Lodar and Khanfar)
5-
Improvement
of the skills of 28 beneficiaries in charge of maintenance in the targeted facilities
in the field of management of the stored energy in batteries, necessary operation of critical loads important and not important, also installing and periodical maintenance,
change of parts, checking electricity in batteries, cleaning corrosion, change
of fuses and problems of short electrical break down (short circuit).
6-
2
trainees from the local community were participated ( 2 representatives of the
council of the villages of Al-Shaqa'a
and Dar Al-Mnasera on behalf of Dar Al-Mnasera Health Unit and
Al-Shaqa'q Health Unit). Considered the sensitivity of females situation
specially place of training course, period of training and educational level.
Where there were 2 female participants from Toban and Khanfar districts.
7-
Delivery
of end user manual in the facilities of social services and other
beneficiaries. A guide illustrating the process of monitoring and managing the
energy in the system.
8-
The
operation of the solar energy systems achieved excellent impact at the
facilities that were targeted in the mission. Where the impact measure
confirmed that the project achieved its targets of the Enhanced Rural
Resilience in Yemen first phase 2016.
9-
Making
media movement introducing the project and Adawr's mission in monitoring the
installation of the Solar Systems professionally. Where 6 news of the mission
was published in 63 news sites, in addition to publishing the news in the
social media networks.
10- Media protruding draw the attention of local
community to the importance of the alternative solar energy and its effective
role finding alternative solutions in the shadow of electricity absence in the
social services facilities (health, education, schools and productive
societies).
Third Difficulties:
There
wasn’t core difficulties hindered the work process, however, committing to the
work time plan was the biggest challenge. This is due to the delay of the
central test of samples in Sana'a, also the delay of issuing security permits
that absorbed time. Security problems occurred in Abyan governorate, Lodar district,
beside to some technical problems related to the results of the test and
measure of performance after the installation where the temperature was cloudy
for more than 10 days to take test readings.
Beside
the problem of: inconsistency of the solar system capacity in some of the
educational and health facilities where it was insufficient to operate all
loads. The technical estimation of the appropriate capacity of the system with
loads reached to 5000W, especially number of fans in the classrooms in some
cases 4-6 fans. It’s not useful to engage half of the fans in summer time due
to the big number and crowdedness in the classroom. We made technical
intervention to overcome this problem by separating the excess loads off the
system considering fair distribution of fans in the classroom, giving priority
to children in the basic stage. Also the loads of the health unites were high,
as the system only operates the vaccines refrigerators, there were technical
solutions by separating excess loads. We emphasized on giving instructions and
awareness materials through the training to rationalize the management of
energy perfectly. Beside continuous weekly communication by the field engineer
of each district with the manager of the facility and the person in charge of
maintenance to confirm safety, sustainability and maintenance procedures also
field visit if required and presenting technical report to the project manager,
even after the end of the first phase2016. Recommendations and technical
suggestions to mitigate these cases for the second phase 2017. Everything went
in a good and smooth way.
Fourth: Benefit lessons:
We
learned a lot in this mission. Accumulation of technical field work experience
for Adwar administrative team especially observation and monitoring of solar
energy projects. For the engineering team it was noticeable the experience
gained in the field of sites assessments,
monitoring installation, operation, delivery, the deal with various
technical forms and the delivery of professional reports of each stage. Besides
gaining experience of training, produce of awareness materials, we can say they
become professional.
Fifth Recommendations:
The
recommendations are of two sides:
A. General recommendations.
B. Technical recommendations
of solar energy systems (1000W – 1500W).
A. General recommendations:
Based on
the results of impact measure and observations of the visits and field work of
the first phase 2016, we provide the following recommendations:
1.
The
continuity of training and qualifying the beneficiaries through midterm plan
(rationing of solar energy) targeting the personnel in charge of maintenance in
the first place considering different educational levels. Or integrating them
in training programs that are implemented by local partner organizations in the
project. We noticed that half of the participants in the training course are
teachers holding university degrees, desiring to learn more also encouraging
more females to participate in future.
2.
Health Facilities:
-
General
Health Offices contains stores for medicines and vaccines; we recommend
supplying them with new refrigerators with self-photoelectric system beside
1000W system for lights (change LED economic bulbs) office equipment and fans
in Toban and Tor Al-Baha districts only.
-
Some of
the targeted facilities were supplied with 1500W solar energy systems; they
were sufficient in some health units but insufficient in some other health
facilities. We recommend to supply all the health unites with refrigerators
with self-photoelectric system besides the 1500W to operate fans, some devices
and the change to LED bulbs will be sufficient.
-
Tor
Al-Baha Hospital; this hospital is central receiving large number of people
also covers neighboring districts of the northern part of Yemen. The system was
separated from the main grid of the hospital and dedicated for the obstetric
department in the hospital and it was insufficient. We emphasized on the
awareness procedures besides periodical visits and contacting the person in
charge of the maintenance by the field engineer in order to monitor the process
of operation and loads condition. We recommend to increase the capacity of the
system (preparation of a study to decide size and type of solar energy system,
recommending they type of proper lights bulbs in addition to site assessment to
be conducted by Adwar engineering team and to deliver it to project team UNDP)
3.
Educational Facilities:
-
Educational
service offices, the 1000W system is sufficient.
-
Schools,
usually the size of schools in Yemen rural areas are medium or big sometimes.
Total loads is greater than 1500W therefore, we recommend to increase the
capacity of the solar energy system from 2500W – 4000W in accordance with the
recommendation and estimation of the field engineer (site assessment report) in
accordance with loads sizes considering operation of average loads of fans, and
lights with replacing the later with economic bulbs.
The suggestion of the recommendation was
prepared with our partners to in order to put a mitigation plan to correct the
condition of the solar systems in the facilities of big loads as follow:
- Presenting a technical report from the
engineering team of Adwar about the schools with overloads, suggesting size and
type of the proper solar energy system that can operate average of necessary
loads within limited criteria, besides changing to LED bulbs.
- Increase the capacities of solar energy systems
in the targeted schools of the first phase 2016 that are with overloads by
increasing the number of panels in addition to the old ones, replace the old
batteries necessary and increase the number of batteries, replace the inverter
necessary and the charging controller if exceeded 3200W to commensurate with
the capacity of the new system.
- The old
replace equipment to be moved (batteries + inverter + 60A charging controller)
adding new panels with rest of equipment and install them in the targeted
health units of second phase 2016. Besides supplying the health unites with
refrigerators with self-photoelectric system. The system of 1500W will be
sufficient to operate fans, lights and other devices.
The capacity of batteries decrease with time,
it’s not useful to add new batteries to the old ones increasing capacity, there
will be negative effects and rapid damage of the new batteries.
(Review: suggestions of mitigations of some
facilities of the first phase 2016)
4.
Finally we emphasize on the process of facilities assessment (test
of internal grid + measure of loads + decide the size of systems suiting the
facilities) is the responsibilities of the field technical team to avoid the
hazards of systems overloads.
5.
Finally,
we recommend making a study of impact measure each 6 months.
B. Technical recommendations of solar
energy systems (1000W – 1500W).
Final Recommendation on Equipment
and Suppliers
|
1000W System
|
1500W System
|
||
|
The input ampere to the battery from the
charging controller is greater than the highest charging current of the
battery where the maximum charging current is 30A.
The output of the charging controller reaches
to 40A when the sun rays are in its peak.
Therefore,
the problem lies in the number of the panels comparing to the capacity of the
battery, thus this problem lead to decrease the lifespan of the battery.
|
The input ampere to the battery from the
charging controller is greater than the highest charging current of the
battery where the maximum charging current is 40A.
The output of the charging controller reaches
to 55A when the sun rays are in its peak.
Therefore, the problem lies in the number of
the panels comparing to the capacity of the battery, thus this problem lead
to decrease the lifespan of the battery.
|
||
|
The
system is commensurate with the total electrical loads in the targeted sites.
|
The systems in most of the targeted sites are
not commensurate with the heavy loads in the facilities. Therefore, we
recommend expanding the systems commensurate with that relying on the site
reports forms.
|
||
|
The technical team of the supplier is able to
respond quickly, absorb instructions. The supplier has qualified technical
team.
|
The
response rate to the instructions of the field engineer is medium.
|
||
|
|
The batteries don't have manufacturing serial
numbers. The supplier is required to provide manufacturing report about this.
|
||
|
The
carrying frames are anti-theft but the inclination angle is not appropriate.
We are amazed of acceptance in the central test.
|
The
panels carrying frames are excellent with correct inclination angle and
fixing method by using anti-theft steel screws. We hail the supplier for
this.
|
||
|
Average
of suggested amendments in the system capacity as follow:
|
Average of suggested amendments in the system
capacity as follow:
|
||
|
Panels
|
The
system is commensurate with average of loads due to availability of
electricity in most sites
|
Panels
|
Adding
9 panels with the same capacity and specifications
|
|
Batteries
|
Commensurate with average of loads
|
Batteries
|
Adding 4 batteries within the same capacity
|
|
Inverter
|
Commensurate
with average of loads
|
Inverter
|
The
inverter is to be changed to an inverter with built-in charging controller
operates on 36V system and capacity of 8KW
|
|
Important
technical recommendations for a similar job of similar projects
|
|||
|
1-
The batteries should be of deep cycle gel, average of charging and discharging
cycles at least 1300 cycle of charging and discharging. Because in such
facilities, the consumption average of charging cycles of charging and
discharging is one and half cycle per day.
2-
The charging controller should be built-in with the inverter and the capacity
to be decided based on the site assessment and electrical loads of site.
3-
Relying on precise field survey of site illustrating the condition of the
internal grid. The project should include maintenance process if required.
4-
The carrying frames of the panels should be with inclination angle of 18
degrees to commensurate with summer.
5-
Before designing any system: the work hours, availability of electricity
source should be considered and also considering the return of public
electricity in the areas where there is no electricity current time.
|
|||
Sixth: Suggestions of work mechanism and sustainable solution
for the second phase 2017.
1.
Suggestion
of work mechanism of second phase 2017:
§ Attending the coordinative workshop with the
members of local authorities to decide the criteria of selecting targeted
facilities.
§ Receive official nominating letters form the
designated local authority of the targeted facilities.
§ The field engineer is to conduct visit to
targeted sites, actual assessment fill in the application form. Assessment
criteria:
- Checking with locals on the percentage of
safety in the facilities to avoid theft of equipment.
- Test and assessing the condition of the grid
and internal lines of the facility.
- Inventory of devices and measure their loads.
- Difficulties and the possible solutions (such
as: in case the internal grid of the facility is damaged and can be fixed …
etc)
- Deciding installation places of devices,
extensions and mark it with a color.
- Measurement of capacities and knowledge gap of
the beneficiaries to limit the misuse, suggest and produce proper training
& awareness material.
- Recommendations:
Presenting a technical report including (sites
assessment from + recommending the type and size of solar system suitable for
the current loads, in addition to rationalize the use of energy by deciding the
necessary loads that need to work with in the facility, in addition to deciding
the type of suitable lights and purchase them by the beneficiaries + various
photographs of the facility, rooms and devices).
Note: expected
difficulties in the health and educational facilities regarding the size of
proposed solar system.
First: Health Facilities:
Usually the targeted health facilities: either
health centers or health units. The system of 1500W is sufficient to operate
cooling fans, lights and some devices in case the facility supplied with
refrigerators with self-photoelectric system and replacing the light bulbs with
economic ones.
Second: Educational Facilities:
Since the size of schools in Yemen rural areas
are medium or big sometimes. Total loads is greater than 1500W therefore, we
recommend to increase the capacity of the solar energy system from 3000W –
5000W in accordance with the recommendation and estimation of the field
engineer (site assessment report) in accordance with loads sizes considering
operation of average loads of cooling fans, and lights with replacing the later
with economic bulbs.
§ Test of equipment before installation.
§ Installation besides (deciding the person in
charge of the maintenance in the facility, training & awareness to person
in charge of the maintenance and the end user and initial receipt of equipment
by the beneficiary).
§ Operating and performance test after 4 days of
operation.
§ Signing on the minutes of delivery &
receipt between (the supplier and the beneficiary) + written commitment by the
recipient.
-
Notarizing
the minutes by the general manager of health office or education or copy of the
minutes.
-
Notification
letter to each general manager of the district illustrating the accomplished
targeted facilities + copies of the minutes.
-
Notification
letter to the each governor individually illustrating the accomplished targeted
facilities + copies of the minutes.
§ Training and awareness + delivery of user and
maint4enance guide to the end beneficiary.
3-
Suggestions of sustainable solutions:
The
backbone of the sustainability of the solar systems relies on 2 axes; the first
axis is the management of systems in a right way by rationalizing consumption
and follow instructions. The second axis is the periodical maintenance and
replacing damaged components periodically. Due to the unavailability of
maintenance budget of the educational and health facilities, our suggestions
will work on letting the local community and private sector contribute to form
maintenance funds on the long term either in health facilities or schools:
First: Health Facilities:
A
special fund of the solar systems to be established, it will be named (fund in
each facility where it will be funded by paying an amount of YR100 or YR50 by
the direct beneficiaries of the facility. The local community is to
participate; in managing this fund through the village council in order to
insure transparency and management.
There
are two suggestions of the mechanism of sustainability and maintenance in the
schools as follow:
First suggestion:
contribution of the local community through parents council by forming special
fund for maintenance and sustainability funding it through monthly subscription
amounted to YR100 for the school student to contribute in this fund. School
administration and parent council are to manage this fund.
Second suggestion:
contribution of the private sector in the process of funding the maintenance
and replacing damaged equipment, purchasing suitable economic lights as follow:
Communicating
and coordinating with local vendors in order to make exhibitions for their
products in the schools, providing special offers to the staff and teachers of
the school to purchase solar energy systems via monthly instalment payment. In
return the vendors to incur the maintenance and sustainability of the solar
system by replacing the damaged equipment and lights.
.
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